Layers are hens kept for egg production. A well-managed flock can lay for 70–80 weeks, producing 280–320 eggs per hen. Getting there takes careful rearing, nutrition and lighting management.
This guide covers the three phases of a layer's life and the levers that drive a high, sustained rate of lay.
The three phases of a layer
A layer's life divides into the chick/starter phase (0–8 weeks), the grower/pullet phase (9–18 weeks) and the laying phase (19 weeks onward). Each phase needs a different feed and management focus.
The goal during rearing is to bring pullets into lay at the right body weight and uniformity — under-weight pullets lay late and poorly.
Lighting for egg production
Light stimulates laying. During rearing, light is kept constant or reduced; as birds approach point of lay (around 18 weeks) you gradually increase day length toward 16 hours to trigger and sustain production.
The cardinal rule: never decrease day length during the laying period, as this depresses egg output.
Nutrition and calcium
Laying hens have a high calcium requirement for strong shells. Layer feed contains added calcium (often via limestone), and many farmers offer extra calcium as crushed shell or limestone flake on the side.
Provide constant access to clean water — even a few hours without water can cause a sharp, lasting drop in lay.
Maximising lay percentage
Lay percentage is the share of hens laying on a given day. A good flock peaks above 90%. Keep it high with consistent feeding, stable lighting, good ventilation, clean nests and low stress.
- Collect eggs frequently to reduce breakage and dirt
- Maintain comfortable temperatures — heat stress cuts production
- Keep nests clean and provide enough nest boxes (1 per 4–5 hens)
- Deworm and follow the vaccination programme
Frequently Asked Questions
When do layers start laying eggs?
Most commercial layers come into lay around 18–20 weeks of age and reach peak production by about 26–30 weeks.
How many eggs does a layer produce per year?
A well-managed hybrid layer produces about 280–320 eggs over a typical 70–80 week laying cycle.